1. “RESEARCH, ANALYSIS, ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND PROSPECTS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SMALL MODULAR REACTORS IN UKRAINE”
(subject code III-01-12, implementation dates 2022-2026) – implemented according to the Decision of the Bureau of VYAFE of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, protocol dated 12.15.2021, No. 11(164), § 2. Scientific head of work: member-cor. NAS of Ukraine, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Prof. Yu.L. Zabulonov
Chapter 2 “Investigation of prospects for the use of small nuclear reactors, environmental aspects of their operation and the possibilities of providing physical protection.” Responsible executor: member-cor. NAS of Ukraine, PhD, prof. Popov O.O.
Research object – evaluation of prospects for the use of small modular reactors in Ukraine, their impact on the environment and provision of their physical protection.
Subject of research – science-based decisions regarding the construction of a system of complex ecological monitoring and physical protection in the territories of the placement of power plants based on small modular reactors.
The purpose of section 2 is to develop scientifically based recommendations regarding the possibility of using small modular reactors in Ukraine and ensuring effective management of environmental safety and physical protection in the territories of their placement.
Obtained results: At stage 2 of the implementation of section 1 of the scientific work, a comparative analysis of the use of small modular reactors and nuclear power plants was performed. A number of advantages from the construction and use of MMR compared to high-power reactors are substantiated. The advantages of MMR in comparison with high-power reactors according to the criteria of “Operational safety”, “Infrastructure”, “Personnel resources” are described, and recommendations on the choice of MMR for Ukraine are formulated. By choosing MMR, which can be installed already at the operational sites of the NPPs of Ukraine, it is possible to reduce the financial costs of their construction, which will contribute to the sustainable development of the nuclear energy industry of Ukraine. The characteristics of the state’s critical infrastructure facilities, features of nuclear and other strategic facilities are given. The concepts of threat and risk, their common features and fundamental differences in relation to strategic nuclear facilities are analyzed. Methods of threat and risk research are considered. The methods of assessing terrorist threats in relation to strategic objects are highlighted. The concept of an invasion scenario and its application to the security of a strategic object as the main method of assessing terrorist threats are considered. (Popov O.O., Yatsyshin A.V., Divizinyuk M.M., Farrakhov O.V.)
Level of research. The obtained results are better than existing analogues in Ukraine in all main indicators.
2. “IMPROVEMENT OF THE SCIENTIFIC BASIS OF ASSESSMENT OF THE CONSEQUENCES OF ACCIDENTS DURING THE TRANSPORTATION OF HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES BY ROAD TRANSPORT”
(code III-02-22, implementation dates 2022-2024) – implemented according to Resolution No. 11 of the VYAFE Bureau of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine dated 12.15.2021. Academic supervisor: member-cor. NAS of Ukraine, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Prof. O.O. Popov
Object of research – accidents during transportation of dangerous chemicals by road transport.
Subject of research – mathematical and software tools for assessing the risks of chemical hazards and for the health of the population during accidents during the transportation of dangerous substances by road transport.
The purpose of the work is to minimize the risk to public health as a result of accidents on road transport during the transportation of dangerous chemicals.
Obtained results. At stage 2 of the scientific work, as a result of the analysis of informational and literary sources, it is shown that the existing methods of assessing the consequences of chemical accidents, which are associated with the transportation of dangerous substances by road transport due to its significant shortcomings (neglect of the nature of the underlying surface; absorption of emergency chemically hazardous substances (AHSS); spill area parameters of various AXHS; use of a mathematical apparatus obtained only empirically; use of insufficiently accurate Gaussian-type models to determine the level of atmospheric air pollution; use only at stationary chemically hazardous facilities; they do not allow to calculate the risks of such emergency events and for the health of the population) cannot be used to solve the given problem.
New mathematical tools have been developed that allow determining the area of the affected area, forecasting changes in its scale, and assessing risks to public health as a result of such emergency situations. These mathematical tools, unlike the existing ones, take into account the parameters of the car movement, the speed of the driver’s reaction, the parameters of depressurization of the tank, the nature of the underlying surface and the parameters of the buildings in the affected area, the average daily distribution of the urban and rural population by location.
The high accuracy of the proposed mathematical tools is confirmed by comparison with the data of natural measurementsand the results of calculations using other methods.
Further implementation of the developed mathematical support in the form of software tools will be an effective tool for solving the problems of preventive forecasting and prompt response to emergency situations associated with the release of such substances into the environment during their transportation by road transport. (Popov O.O., Yatsyshin A.V., Artemchuk V.O., Skurativskyi S.I., Mirontsov M.L., Vovk O.O., Yatsyshin T. M., Zaporozhets A.O., Taranenko S.P., Kutsenko V.O., Martyniuk I.D., Pylypchuk E.V., Kovalenko O.M., Krasnov E.B. ., Lagoyko A.M., Sulima A.P.)
Research level. There are no analogues in Ukraine.
Scientific and practical significance of the work. The application of the proposed mathematical and software tools will allow to determine the risks of chemical danger and to the health of the population during the transportation of dangerous substances by road transport The implementation of the methodology for assessing these risks in the educational process of institutions of higher education will allow to significantly increase the qualification and level of training of specialists in the field of civil protection and environmental safety. After appropriate refinement, the developed tools can also be used both in the assessment of the consequences of accidents during the transportation of dangerous chemicals by rail, and in the transportation of liquid radioactive substances.
The results of work on stage 2 have been implemented in the State Emergency Service of Ukraine and the National University of Civil Defense of Ukraine.
3. “DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTELLIGENT MODULAR SYSTEM OF OPERATIONAL RESPONSE TO CHEMICAL AND RADIATION THREAT FOR THE POPULATION IN REAL-TIME ON THE BASE OF UAV”
(code II-01-23, KPKVK 6541230) is a scientific project that was carried out in accordance with the Resolution of the Presidium of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine of 12.28.2022 No. 414 “On approval of the list of scientific and scientific and technical (experimental) works to be carried out institutions of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in 2023 under the budget program of the KPKVK 6541230”, contract No. 5.1/23-P dated January 2, 2023. Academic supervisor: member-cor. NAS of Ukraine, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Prof. O.O. Popov
Research object – remote radiation monitoring of various objects.
Subject of research– mathematical and software solutions to the problem of restoration of the surface field of radiation contamination of the territory based on the data of remote measurements.
The goal of the project: to increase the efficiency of the emergency monitoring and forecasting subsystem of the Unified State Civil Protection System of Ukraine through the development of an intelligent system of operational response to chemical and radiation threats to the population in real time at the base UAV
Obtained results: At stage 1 of the implementation of the scientific project, the mathematical and software of an intelligent modular system based on UAVs was developed for prompt response in real time to emergency situations with chemical and/or radiation damage factor. It allows, on the basis of remote measurement data, to determine with high accuracy the necessary parameters of the chemical/radiation situation in the emergency zone, to carry out modeling and forecasting of its development, to determine and analyze the risk to the health of personnel/population, to provide optimization of the UAV flight path with the help of artificial intelligence taking into account changes in external conditions. O.O. Popov, A.V. Yatsyshin, E.V. Pylypchuk, A.O. Zaporozhets, V.O. Kutsenko, O. Farrakhov. V., Martyniuk I.D., Kovalenko O.M., Krasnov E.B.)
Research level. There are no analogues in Ukraine.
Scientific and practical significance of the work. As a result of the implementation of the project, for the first time in Ukraine, an innovative intelligent system of a new generation will be created for prompt response to chemical and radiation threats to the population in real time at the base UAV This system will make it possible to significantly reduce economic, technical and human resources, and the time of making management decisions for effective response to such emergencies in today’s complex conditions. In the future, this system can be developed into a network of complex radio-ecological monitoring of the environment based on UAVs using artificial neural networks and supplemented with interactive chatbots to increase its functionality and autonomy.
The results of the scientific project according to stage 1 have been implemented in the State Emergency Service of Ukraine, the National University of Civil Defense of Ukraine, LLC “Science Park of the State Environmental Academy of Postgraduate Education and Management “CHORNOBYL”.
4. “DEVELOPMENT OF ENVIRONMENTALLY SAFE GD-CONTAINING NANOCOMPOSITE MATERIALS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST NEUTRON RADIATION FROM VARIOUS SOURCES”
(code II-06-22, 2022-2023, KPKVK 6541230) – scientific project,which is carried out in accordance with the Order of the Presidium of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine dated February 22, 2022. No. 134 “About the results of the 2021 competition. on obtaining grants of the NAS of Ukraine by research laboratories/groups of young scientists of the NAS of Ukraine to conduct research in the priority directions of the development of science and technology in 2022-2023”, agreement No. 19/01-2022(4) dated 01.03.2022 ., Order of the Presidium of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine dated 30.12.2022 No. 667 “On continuation of funding in 2023 of scientific projects under grants of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine to research laboratories/groups of young scientists of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine to conduct research in priority areas of development of science and technology”, contract No. 19/ 01-2023(4) dated January 2, 2023. Scientific supervisor: Ph.D. E. V. Pylypchuk
Object of research – neutron radiation of various sources.
Subject of research – ecologically safe materials for protection against neutron radiation of various sources.
Project goal: synthesis and research of environmentally safe Gd-containing nanocomposite materials for protection against neutron radiation from various sources.
Obtained results. A hierarchical approach and an algorithm for its implementation have been developed to create new environmentally friendly, non-toxic, biocompatible materials based on natural components for protection against neutron radiation from various sources. On the basis of this approach, gadolinium-containing films of chitosan, lignin and nanocellulose have been synthesized, which have high neutron-absorbing properties, meet modern safety requirements, which allows them to be used for effective protection of personnel and equipment at the facilities of the nuclear-industrial complex, as well as for biomedical purposes while treating patients. (E.V. Pylypchuk, V.O. Kovach, V.O. Kutsenko, E.V. Krasnov)
Research level. There are no analogues in Ukraine.
Scientific and practical significance of the work. Synthesized Gd-containing nanocomposite materials meet modern safety requirements (biocompatibility, low toxicity), which allows them to be used not only at NPP facilities, research laboratories when using nuclear fission and fusion facilities, and other facilities where powerful HB, for the protection of personnel and equipment, as well as for biomedical purposes as flexible transparent bandages, transdermal patches and other means of protection and treatment. The implementation of the method of creating environmentally safe Gd-containing neutron-absorbing nanocomposite materials in institutions of higher education and scientific institutions allows to raise the level of training and deepen the qualification of specialists in the field of radiation safety. The development of technology for the synthesis of such materials and its implementation is one of the important steps of Ukraine towards achieving the goals of sustainable development.
The results of the project have been implemented in Alfa Atom LLC, Chornobyl State Environmental Academy of Postgraduate Education and Management Scientific Park, Ukrainian Atomic Devices and Systems Corporation, Educational and Scientific Institute of Energy Conservation and Energy Management of the National Technical University of Ukraine, Kyiv Polytechnic Institute Igor Sikorsky”.
5. “A NEW APPROACH TO PROVIDING RELIABLE TEMPORARY STORAGE OF HIGHLY ACTIVE RADIOACTIVE WASTE FORMED AS A RESULT OF MAN-MADE ACCIDENTS”
(code II-07-22, 2022-2023, KPKVK 6541030) – scientific project, which is carried out in accordance with the Order of the Presidium of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine dated 31.01.2022 No. 81 “On approval of projects of the target program of scientific research of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine “Nuclear and radiation technologies for the energy sector and public needs” for 2022.”, contract No. 22K-03-11 dated February 1, 2022, Order of the Presidium of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine dated February 23, 2023 No. 96 “On approval projects of the target program of scientific research of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine “Nuclear and radiation technologies for the energy sector and public needs” for the year 2023″, contract No. 22K-03-11 dated 01.03.2023 Academic supervisor: member-cor. NAS of Ukraine, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Prof. Popov O.O.
Object of the research – ensuring safe storage of highly active radioactive waste, which was formed as a result of man-made accidents.
Subject of research – mathematical tools for substantiating optimal technical solutions for the construction of a protective container for storing high-level waste containing nuclear materials.
Goal of the project: justification of the optimal configuration of the container for the temporary reliable storage of highly active radioactive waste, formed as a result of man-made accidents, by building and studying its mathematical model.
Obtained results. Based on the developed neutron-physical model, a mathematical model of a protective container for safe temporary storage was builtof high-level waste containing nuclear materials, with the help of which calculations of its protective characteristics and optimal economic and technical parameters were carried out, the choice of effective materials for biological protection of the container was substantiated, and recommendations were developed for the fulfillment of state and international radiation safety requirements during long-term storage of high-level radioactive waste. (O.O. Popov, A.V. Yatsyshin, O.V. Farrakhov, E.V. Pylypchuk, S.V. Kupriyanchuk)
Research level. There are no analogues in Ukraine.
Scientific and practical significance of the work. The results of the work will become the basis for the further construction of containers for the temporary reliable storage of highly active radioactive waste, which is extremely relevant for Ukraine in connection with the consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. This will reduce the radiation risk and increase the level of radiation safety on the territory of the “Shelter” facility, which, in turn, will allow over time to transform the Exclusion Zone into an ecologically safe system.
The results of the scientific project have been implemented in Alfa Atom LLC, Chornobyl State Environmental Academy of Postgraduate Education and Management Scientific Park, Ukrainian Atomic Devices and Systems Corporation, Educational and Scientific Institute of Energy Conservation and Energy Management of the National Technical University of Ukraine “Kyiv Polytechnic Institute named after Ihor Sikorsky”.
6. “DEVELOPMENT OF PROPOSALS FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF PHYSICAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE OBJECTS”
(code ІІІ-07-21, implementation dates 2021–2023) – implemented according to the Resolution of the VYAFE Bureau of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine dated 07.29.2020 No. 4. Scientific supervisor: Ph.D., prof. . Divizinyuk M.M.
Object of research – emergency situations of a terrorist nature at critical infrastructure facilities.
Subject of research – methods of preventing emergency situations of a terrorist nature at critical infrastructure facilities.
The purpose of the work is to develop a new information and technical method of preventing emergency situations of a terrorist nature using databases of motor vehicles obtained from external video surveillance systems.
Obtained results. An information and technical method of preventing emergency situations of a terrorist nature at critical infrastructure facilities was developed, which is implemented by the constant systematization of data and knowledge about the situational background of motor vehicles, obtained from video systems of external surveillance in the controlled area around the object. Shevchenko T.O.)
Research level. There are no analogues in the world or better than existing analogues in the world
Scientific and practical significance of the work. Implementation of the developed mathematical model and information-technical method in the services of physical protection of critical infrastructure objects of Ukraine, as well as strategic of objects guarded by units of the Ministry of Defense and the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine will increase the effectiveness of activities in matters of ensuring the safety of critical infrastructure objects in the following five areas:
- Optimization of the process of identifying intruders in controlled areas around critical infrastructure facilities in the interests of preventing emergency situations of a terrorist nature at the stages of planning and preparing terrorist acts against these facilities.
- Improving the detection of potential gathering places of reconnaissance and sabotage groups, hidden caches of weapons and ammunition, special equipment and equipment.
- Timely planning and effective implementation of operational measures to prevent terrorist acts at various stages of their preparation and implementation.
- Development and creation of fundamentally new (intelligent) systems of protection and protection of protected objects.
- Improving the management of traffic flows on roads in cities and megacities.
The results of the work have been implemented in the Department of Military Education and Science of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine and the Institute of Public Administration and Scientific Research on Civil Defense.